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| Cote d'Ivoire |

Introduction | Cote d'Ivoire

Background: | Close ties to France since independence in 1960, the development of cocoa production for export, and foreign investment made Cote d'Ivoire one of the most prosperous of the tropical African states, but did not protect it from political turmoil. In December 1999, a military coup - the first ever in Cote d'Ivoire's history - overthrew the government. Junta leader Robert GUEI blatantly rigged elections held in late 2000 and declared himself the winner. Popular protest forced him to step aside and brought runner-up Laurent GBAGBO into power. Ivorian dissidents and disaffected members of the military launched a failed coup attempt in September 2002. Rebel forces claimed the northern half of the country, and in January 2003 were granted ministerial positions in a unity government under the auspices of the Linas-Marcoussis Peace Accord. President GBAGBO and rebel forces resumed implementation of the peace accord in December 2003 after a three-month stalemate, but issues that sparked the civil war, such as land reform and grounds for citizenship, remain unresolved. The central government has yet to exert control over the northern regions and tensions remain high between GBAGBO and opposition leaders. Several thousand French and West African troops remain in Cote d'Ivoire to maintain peace and facilitate the disarmament, demobilization, and rehabilitation process.

Geography | Cote d'Ivoire

Location: | Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia
Geographic coordinates: | 8 00 N, 5 00 W
Map references: | Africa
Area: | total: 322,460 sq km land: 318,000 sq km water: 4,460 sq km
Area - comparative: | slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries: | total: 3,110 km border countries: Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km
Coastline: | 515 km
Maritime claims: | territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm
Climate: | tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Terrain: | mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
Elevation extremes: | lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m
Natural resources: | petroleum, natural gas, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper, gold, nickel, tantalum, silica sand, clay, cocoa beans, coffee, palm oil, hydropower
Land use: | arable land: 10.23% permanent crops: 11.16% other: 78.61% (2005)
Irrigated land: | 730 sq km (2003)
Internal Renewable Water Resources: | 81 cu km (2001)
Freshwater Withdrawal (Domestic/Industrial/Agricultural): | Total: 0.93 cu km/yr (24%/12%/65%) Per capita: 51 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards: | coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Environment - current issues: | deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been heavily logged); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents
Environment - international agreements: | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note: | most of the inhabitants live along the sandy coastal region; apart from the capital area, the forested interior is sparsely populated

People | Cote d'Ivoire

Population: | 18,013,409 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Age structure: | 0-14 years: 40.6% (male 3,603,386/female 3,711,211) 15-64 years: 56.6% (male 5,128,824/female 5,060,027) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 246,130/female 263,831) (2007 est.)
Median age: | total: 19.3 years male: 19.5 years female: 19 years (2007 est.)
Population growth rate: | 1.995% (2007 est.)
Birth rate: | 34.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Death rate: | 14.74 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Net migration rate: | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Sex ratio: | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.971 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.014 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.933 male(s)/female total population: 0.994 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Infant mortality rate: | total: 87.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 103.84 deaths/1,000 live births female: 70.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: | total population: 49 years male: 46.43 years female: 51.66 years (2007 est.)
Total fertility rate: | 4.43 children born/woman (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: | 7% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: | 570,000 (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: | 47,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases: | degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: malaria, yellow fever, and others are high risks in some locations water contact: schistosomiasis note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified among birds in this country or surrounding region; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2007)
Nationality: | noun: Ivoirian(s) adjective: Ivoirian
Ethnic groups: | Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes 16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000 Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)
Religions: | Muslim 35-40%, indigenous 25-40%, Christian 20-30% (2001) note: the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)
Languages: | French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the most widely spoken
Literacy: | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 50.9% male: 57.9% female: 43.6% (2003 est.)

Government | Cote d'Ivoire

Country name: | conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire local short form: Cote d'Ivoire note: pronounced coat-div-whar former: Ivory Coast
Government type: | republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960 note: the government is currently operating under a power-sharing agreement mandated by international mediators
Capital: | name: Yamoussoukro geographic coordinates: 6 49 N, 5 17 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) note: although Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983, Abidjan remains the commercial and administrative center; the US, like other countries, maintains its Embassy in Abidjan
Administrative divisions: | 19 regions; Agneby, Bafing, Bas-Sassandra, Denguele, Dix-Huit Montagnes, Fromager, Haut-Sassandra, Lacs, Lagunes, Marahoue, Moyen-Cavally, Moyen-Comoe, N'zi-Comoe, Savanes, Sud-Bandama, Sud-Comoe, Vallee du Bandama, Worodougou, Zanzan
Independence: | 7 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday: | Independence Day, 7 August (1960)
Constitution: | approved by referendum 23 July 2000
Legal system: | based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch: | chief of state: President Laurent GBAGBO (since 26 October 2000) head of government: Prime Minister Guillaume SORO (since 4 April 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - under the current power-sharing agreement the prime minister and the president share the authority to appoint ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 26 October 2000 (next to be held by October 2007, after the government postponed elections in 2005 and 2006 and the UN Security Council voted to extend its mandate); prime minister appointed by the president (current Prime Minister BANNY was appointed by African Union mediators as part of the existing power-sharing agreement) election results: Laurent GBAGBO elected president; percent of vote - Laurent GBAGBO 59.4%, Robert GUEI 32.7%, Francis WODIE 5.7%, other 2.2%
Legislative branch: | unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (225 seats; members are elected in single- and multi-district elections by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: elections last held 10 December 2000 with by-elections on 14 January 2001 (next to be held by October 2007 after the government postponed the elections in 2005 and 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FPI 96, PDCI-RDA 94, RDR 5, PIT 4, other 2, independents 22, vacant 2 note: a Senate that was scheduled to be created in the October 2006 elections never took place
Judicial branch: | Supreme Court or Cour Supreme consists of four chambers: Judicial Chamber for criminal cases, Audit Chamber for financial cases, Constitutional Chamber for judicial review cases, and Administrative Chamber for civil cases; there is no legal limit to the number of members
Political parties and leaders: | Citizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG]; Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally or PDCI-RDA [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Laurent GBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Opposition Movement of the Future or MFA [Anaky KOBENAN]; Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace in Cote d'Ivoire or UDPCI [Mabri TOIKEUSE]; over 20 smaller parties
Political pressure groups and leaders: | Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Serges KOFFI]; Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP [Alphonse DJEDJE MADY]; Young Patriots [Charles BLE GOUDE]
International organization participation: | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Daouda DIABATE chancery: 3421 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 797-0300 FAX: [1] (202) 244-3088
Diplomatic representation from the US: | chief of mission: Ambassador Aubrey HOOKS embassy: Riviera Golf 01, Abidjan mailing address: B. P. 1866, Abidjan 01 telephone: [225] 20 21 09 79 FAX: [225] 20 22 32 59
Flag description: | three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France

Economy | Cote d'Ivoire

Economy - overview: | Cote d'Ivoire is among the world's largest producers and exporters of coffee, cocoa beans, and palm oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to weather conditions and to fluctuations in international prices for these products. Despite government attempts to diversify the economy, it is still heavily dependent on agriculture and related activities, engaging roughly 68% of the population. Growth was negative in 2000-03 because of the difficulty of meeting the conditions of international donors, continued low prices of key exports, foreign divestment and civil war. Political turmoil has continued to damage the economy since 2004, with a rising risk premium associated with doing business in the country, foreign investment shriveling, transportation costs increasing, French businesses fleeing, and criminal elements that traffic in weapons and diamonds gaining ground. The government will continue to survive financially off of the sale of cocoa, which represents 90% of foreign exchange earnings, but the government will probably lose between 10% and 20% of its cocoa harvest to northern rebels who smuggle the cocoa they control to neighboring countries where cocoa prices are higher. The government remains hopeful that ongoing exploration of Cote d'Ivoire's offshore oil reserves will result in significant production that could boost daily crude output from roughly 33,000 barrels per day (b/d) to more than 200,000 b/d by the end of the decade.
GDP (purchasing power parity): | $29.05 billion (2006 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate): | $17.19 billion (2006 est.)
GDP - real growth rate: | 1.2% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP): | $1,600 (2006 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: | agriculture: 27.7% industry: 22.2% services: 50.1% (2006 est.)
Labor force: | 6.799 million (68% agricultural) (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate: | 13% in urban areas (1998)
Population below poverty line: | 37% (1995)
Household income or consumption by percentage share: | lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 34% (2002)
Distribution of family income - Gini index: | 44.6 (2002)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): | 2.4% (2006 est.)
Investment (gross fixed): | 8.8% of GDP (2006 est.)
Budget: | revenues: $3.209 billion expenditures: $3.713 billion (2006 est.)
Public debt: | 82.5% of GDP (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products: | coffee, cocoa beans, bananas, palm kernels, corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), sweet potatoes, sugar, cotton, rubber; timber
Industries: | foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity, ship construction and repair
Industrial production growth rate: | 15% (1998 est.)
Electricity - production: | 5.305 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source: | fossil fuel: 61.9% hydro: 38.1% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Electricity - consumption: | 2.9 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports: | 1.397 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports: | 0 kWh (2005)
Oil - production: | 32,900 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption: | 23,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
Oil - exports: | NA bbl/day
Oil - imports: | NA bbl/day
Oil - proved reserves: | 220 million bbl (1 January 2006)
Natural gas - production: | 1.247 billion cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - consumption: | 1.247 billion cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - exports: | 0 cu m (2005 est.)
Natural gas - imports: | 0 cu m (2005)
Natural gas - proved reserves: | 27.16 billion cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
Current account balance: | $529.1 million (2006 est.)
Exports: | $8.191 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Exports - commodities: | cocoa, coffee, timber, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, fish
Exports - partners: | France 18.3%, Netherlands 9.7%, US 9.1%, Nigeria 7.2%, Germany 4.2% (2006)
Imports: | $5.039 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.)
Imports - commodities: | fuel, capital equipment, foodstuffs
Imports - partners: | Nigeria 27.6%, France 25.4%, China 4.3% (2006)
Economic aid - recipient: | ODA, $119.1 million (2005 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: | $1.798 billion (2006 est.)
Debt - external: | $10.9 billion (2006 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: | $NA
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: | $NA
Market value of publicly traded shares: | $4.155 billion (2006)
Currency (code): | Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Currency code: | XOF
Exchange rates: | Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 522.89 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002)
Fiscal year: | calendar year

Communications | Cote d'Ivoire

Telephones - main lines in use: | 260,900 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular: | 4.065 million (2006)
Telephone system: | general assessment: well developed by African standards; telecommunications sector privatized in late 1990s; mobile cellular usage has increased to 23 per 100 persons; fixed-line connections stand at about 2 per 100 persons domestic: open-wire lines and microwave radio relay; 90% digitalized international: country code - 225; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2007)
Radio broadcast stations: | AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios: | 2.26 million (1997)
Television broadcast stations: | 14 (1998)
Televisions: | 1.09 million (2000)
Internet country code: | .ci
Internet hosts: | 1,373 (2007)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): | 5 (2001)
Internet users: | 300,000 (2006)

Transportation | Cote d'Ivoire

Airports: | 34 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways: | total: 7 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways: | total: 27 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 5 (2007)
Pipelines: | condensate 109 km; gas 240 km; oil 112 km (2006)
Railways: | total: 660 km narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000 meter gauge note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso (2006)
Roadways: | total: 80,000 km paved: 6,500 km unpaved: 73,500 km note: includes intercity and urban roads; another 20,000 km of dirt roads are in poor condition and 150,000 km of dirt roads are impassable (2006)
Waterways: | 980 km (navigable rivers, canals, and numerous coastal lagoons) (2006)
Ports and terminals: | Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro

Military | Cote d'Ivoire

Military branches: | Cote d'Ivoire Defense and Security Forces (FDSC): Army, Navy, Air Force (2006)
Military service age and obligation: | 18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Manpower available for military service: | males age 18-49: 3,696,106 females age 18-49: 3,569,967 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service: | males age 18-49: 1,973,265 females age 18-49: 1,911,777 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annually: | males age 18-49: 189,354 females age 18-49: 192,600 (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP: | 1.6% (2005 est)

Transnational Issues | Cote d'Ivoire

Disputes - international: | despite the presence of over 9,000 UN forces (UNOCI) in Cote d'Ivoire since 2004, ethnic conflict there has displaced hundreds of thousands of Ivorians in and out of the country as well as driven out migrants from neighboring states who worked in Ivorian cocoa plantations; Ivorian rebels reportedly hide along the borders of neighboring states
Refugees and internally displaced persons: | refugees (country of origin): 39,919 (Liberia) IDPs: 750,000 (2002 coup; most IDPs are in western regions) (2006)
Illicit drugs: | illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; utility as a narcotic transshipment point to Europe reduced by ongoing political instability; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center

This page was last updated on 13 December, 2007